Symptoms of chronic glomerulonephritis

Chronic nephritis is diverse etiology, pathological and clinical manifestations similar to a group of glomerular diseases, they are common manifestations of edema, hypertensionand urinary abnormalities.
Edema: (1) in the whole course of the disease, most patients with varying degrees ofedema. Edema can be can be light weight, light in only the morning from the chronic nephritis edema found in the performance of the bed, around the eyes, facial swelling, or in the afternoon of both lower extremities ankle edema. Patients with severe, generalized edema. However, there are a very small number of patients throughout the course of the disease do not always appear edema, is often easily overlooked.
(2) high blood pressure: some patients are hypertension symptoms to hospital for treatment, doctors want them to laboratory urine, chronic nephritis caused by high blood pressure. For patients with chronic nephritis, the incidence of hypertension is one sooner or later, their blood pressure can be continuous, intermittent, and diastolic blood pressure (higher than 12.7kPa) is characterized by high blood pressure there are greatindividual differences in the degree of light only 18.7-21.3/12.7-13.3kPa, severe casescan even be more than 26.7/14.7kPa.
(3) urinary abnormalities: abnormal urine is almost a must in patients with chronic nephritis, including urine output changes and microscopic abnormalities. Edema in patients with decreased urine output, and the more severe edema, decreased urine output, the more obvious, and no edema in patients with normal urine majority. Whenpatients with kidney serious damage, urine concentration - dilution of functional disorder, but also increased nocturia and urine specific gravity decreased. The urine of patients with chronic nephritis put under the microscope, you can find almost all of the patients had proteinuria, urinary protein content ranging from (±) to (). Urine can see the levelranging from red blood cells, white blood cells, granular casts, transparent tube. Whenthe acute attack, may have significant hematuria, or even gross hematuria. In addition,patients with chronic nephritis also dizziness, insomnia, anorexia Shenpi fatigue,impatience, and varying degrees of anemia and other clinical symptoms.

Concrete manifestation of acute and chronic nephritis symptoms

Concrete manifestation of the symptoms of acute and chronic nephritis, a lot of people heard of this disease, but specific to the disease what the performance is not clear, which makes many people sick without knowing it, until the discovery condition is very serious? because they missed the best time for treatment to regret it.
Mainly acute and chronic nephritis symptoms: The disease before the onset of more than a history of scarlet fever, tonsillitis, streptococcal infection, 7 to 21 days after infection onset. Three major characteristics of the symptoms of acute and chronic nephritis
Edema: eyelid edema, a few days later the development of the lower limb and body swelling disappear after 2 to 4 weeks.
2, hematuria: the majority of the dark brown or brown. About two weeks after the disappearance of gross hematuria, microscopic examination of hematuria sustainable for several months.
Hypertension: the majority of mild to moderate blood pressure increases, the performance of headache, dizziness, vomiting, usually last for two weeks, then gradually decreased. In addition, it can also be associated with mild anemia, fatigue and low back pain. In the treatment, such as early detection, and complete bed rest, careful treatment, the prognosis is good.
Expert tips can also refer to the laboratory screening and diagnosis of acute and chronic nephritis symptoms
Urinary protein excretion daily 0.5 ~ 2g/m2; any urine protein / creatinine ratio may be <2 (normal 0.1 to 0.3). Urine contains a shaped red blood cells, white blood cells and renal tubular cells, casts, including red blood cell casts and hemoglobin tube characteristic, the more common white blood cell casts and granular casts (protein droplets).
Anti-pathogenic infectious agent antibody titers are usually 1 to 2 weeks rose. Antibody increase against streptococcal antigen products can be measured: the antistreptolysin prime-O (ASO) is upper respiratory tract infection the best instructions, and pyoderma anti-hyaluronidase and anti-DNase B. usually reduce the disease activity of C3 and C4.Return to normal complement levels in 80% of the PSGN cases 6 to 8 weeks, in fact, one case of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is so. Cryoglobulinemia is often persist for several months, and circulating immune complexes can only be detected within a few weeks.
Tubular function is often due to changes in the disorder of interstitial inflammation, leading to decreased ability to concentrate urine and acid secretion capacity, solute exchange impairment of the renal unit. Has some intrinsic glomerular hypertrophy and the ability of tubular function defects is usually occurs before the GFR was significantly reduced. With the gradual progress of glomerular dysfunction, total filtration area was significantly reduced decline in GFR, azotemia appear. GFR can be cleared from the serum creatinine concentration or urine creatinine, estimated rate of GFR is usually returned to normal in 1 to 3 months, proteinuria may last 6 to 12 months, microscopic hematuria for several years. Short-term changes in the urinary sediment of mild upper respiratory tract infection could happen again.
Before the onset of 1 to 6 weeks of this syndrome, there is a history of streptococcal infection, sore throat, impetigo or culture confirmed and the increase can be helpful in the diagnosis of anti-streptococcal antibody titer. Red tube in any glomerulonephritis are visible, but when and clinical manifestations associated, strongly suggestive of acute nephritic syndrome. The ultrasound can help differentiate the acute disease (kidney volume is usually normal or slightly larger) and chronic diseases increased (decreased renal size).
The above symptoms on acute and chronic nephritis, specific to each person will have a gap.

Early symptoms of diabetic nephropathy

A medical history and symptoms of diabetes, kidney damage, clinical manifestations and the degree of glomerular sclerosis was positively correlated. Microalbuminuria, history of diabetes has more than 5 to 6 years, clinical diagnosis of early diabetic nephropathy, no clinical manifestations; about 80% of patients within 10 years the development of clinical diabetic nephropathy, ie, urinary protein excretion greater than 0.5g / 24h, usually without significant hematuria, the clinical manifestations of edema, hypertension; Once persistent proteinuria associated with loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, anemia, suggesting that has chronic renal insufficiency.
Second, the examination revealed varying degrees of hypertension, edema, can occur in severe ascites, pleural effusion, etc.. Multi-merge of diabetic retinopathy.
Third, laboratory examinations
(A) The urine qualitative A simple method for screening of diabetes in diabetic nephropathy, there may be a false negative or false positive, so the blood glucose is the main basis of diagnosis.
(B) urinary albumin excretion rate (UAE) 20 ~ 200μg/min, is an important indicator for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy; when the UAE continued to be greater than 200μg/min or routine examination of urinary protein (urinary protein greater than 0.5g/24h), the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Urinary sediment change is not obvious in general, more white blood cells, prompted urinary tract infections; a large number of red blood cells, suggesting that there may be other causes of hematuria.
(C) of diabetic nephropathy with advanced, endogenous creatinine clearance rate and blood urea nitrogen, creatinine increased.
(D) of the radionuclide dynamic renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to increase and B-ultrasound measurement of renal volume increases, consistent with early diabetic nephropathy. GFR was significantly decreased in uremic kidney volume is often no obvious narrowing.
(E) fundus examination, if necessary, for fluorescence fundus contrast, the visible micro-aneurysms and other diabetic retinopathy.

Symptoms of children with nephrotic syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is a general term for the syndrome, including many kidney diseases.Resulting in the complex causes of disease, treatment up there are some difficulties, especially for children. Is children's physical growth and development stage, if not treated in time, the disease will be a serious threat to the child's physical health. Symptoms in children with nephrotic syndrome for the timely discovery of the disease and to acceptthe standard treatment as soon as possible is of great significance.
1. Edema
Disease will lead to the patient's body water and sodium in the body retention of stay andthe formation of edema. The beginning of this symptom in the eyelid presented with thefurther deterioration of the condition will spread to the limbs and even whole body.Serious, but also lead to ascites, pleural effusion, the patient's weight will suddenlyincrease.
2 Hypertension
Symptoms in children with nephrotic syndrome, which is the more common one. Thedisease makes the patient's blood circulatory system disorder, the symptoms appearhigher than normal blood pressure, therefore, for the children on a regular basis check ofrenal function is necessary, in order to facilitate the timely processing of the disease.
3 proteinuria
Nephrotic syndrome will lead to patients with renal tubular damage so that it can not bethe normal functioning of its reabsorption, thus leading to the symptoms of patients withproteinuria. Some children will be associated with nocturia increased, anemia and other symptoms, which requires close attention to parents, to avoid delays.
If your child is one or two of the above symptoms in children with nephrotic syndrome, it is best to lead the child to the relevant hospital for diagnosis and treatment of thespecification.