Early symptoms of diabetic nephropathy

A medical history and symptoms of diabetes, kidney damage, clinical manifestations and the degree of glomerular sclerosis was positively correlated. Microalbuminuria, history of diabetes has more than 5 to 6 years, clinical diagnosis of early diabetic nephropathy, no clinical manifestations; about 80% of patients within 10 years the development of clinical diabetic nephropathy, ie, urinary protein excretion greater than 0.5g / 24h, usually without significant hematuria, the clinical manifestations of edema, hypertension; Once persistent proteinuria associated with loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, anemia, suggesting that has chronic renal insufficiency.
Second, the examination revealed varying degrees of hypertension, edema, can occur in severe ascites, pleural effusion, etc.. Multi-merge of diabetic retinopathy.
Third, laboratory examinations
(A) The urine qualitative A simple method for screening of diabetes in diabetic nephropathy, there may be a false negative or false positive, so the blood glucose is the main basis of diagnosis.
(B) urinary albumin excretion rate (UAE) 20 ~ 200μg/min, is an important indicator for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy; when the UAE continued to be greater than 200μg/min or routine examination of urinary protein (urinary protein greater than 0.5g/24h), the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Urinary sediment change is not obvious in general, more white blood cells, prompted urinary tract infections; a large number of red blood cells, suggesting that there may be other causes of hematuria.
(C) of diabetic nephropathy with advanced, endogenous creatinine clearance rate and blood urea nitrogen, creatinine increased.
(D) of the radionuclide dynamic renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to increase and B-ultrasound measurement of renal volume increases, consistent with early diabetic nephropathy. GFR was significantly decreased in uremic kidney volume is often no obvious narrowing.
(E) fundus examination, if necessary, for fluorescence fundus contrast, the visible micro-aneurysms and other diabetic retinopathy.