Nephrotic syndrome blood test

1) The serum protein of all patients had varying degrees of hypoalbuminemia, serum total protein and albumin were decreased, especially serum albumin decreased more significantly, when the serum concentration of 25g / L (or lower), ie thesis can hypoalbuminemia in NS. Serum globulin is relatively higher, was white / ball (A / G), inverted. The increase in liver synthesis of serum of α2 and β globulin concentration increased or decrease of α1 globulin, gamma globulin levels depending on the primary disease, the IgG levels can be decreased significantly, IgA, IgM, IgE normal or increased.
2) blood lipid and lipoprotein every sick child should be for blood cholesterol, triglyceride, inspection, conditions can be made of phospholipids and fatty acids to check general, all the patients cholesterol were increased, then the three non-All patients were increased. Serum lipoprotein LDL and VLDL were significantly higher, HDL is usually normal.
3), serum BUN and Cr brief mild serum BUN and Cr increased, often prompted hypovolemia due to minimal change NS, if persistent, severe renal insufficiency is more suggestive of nephritis type NS or chronic nephritis NS .
4) serum electrolytes severe hypoalbuminemia and a high degree of edema disease in children are associated with body water and electrolyte disorders and acid-alkaline imbalance, common hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and varying degrees of metabolic acidosis, such as excessive The use of diuretics, the patient is also easy to merge hemoconcentration, hypovolemia.
5) serum complement, immune complex matter, and cytokine detection NS part of the patient serum complement C3 and total complement activity decreased (especially MPGN and lupus nephritis) C4, C2, of C1q may be normal. Part of the immune complex-mediated nephritis due to kidney patients, blood circulation can be detected in immune complexes in recent years, some scholars also found in MCNS blood vascular permeability factor (VPF), soluble immune suppressor (SIRS), interleukin 4 (IL-4) and leukocyte interleukin-8 (IL-8) and other cytokines were significantly increased.
6) a hypercoagulable state and thrombus formation on check the majority of primary NS sick children there are different levels of the hypercoagulable state: thrombocytosis, increased platelet aggregation rate, plasma fibrinogen increase the liver synthesis of clotting factors II and Ⅴ , Ⅶ, Ⅷ also increased urinary fibrin cleavage products (FDP) increased, according to laboratory conditions for the relevant examination. Suspected thrombosis, Doppler B-mode ultrasound examination, or digital subtraction angiography.
7). Serological detection of systemic disease secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus patients with NS should be for the serological detection of anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-dsDNA antibody, Smith antibody; secondary to hepatitis B hepatitis C, congenital or secondary syphilitic NS should make relevant serum antigen and antibody detection to confirm the diagnosis.
8). Renal biopsy in children with NS the following circumstances, should be optional for percutaneous renal puncture biopsy: ① sufficient quantities of corticosteroids 6 weeks of treatment, urinary protein 2; ② has clearly part of the Effect of corticosteroids; ③ dependent on corticosteroids; ④ frequent recurrence of persons; to ⑤ suspected secondary nephropathy, clinical hard diagnosed; ⑥ The combined acute and chronic renal insufficiency.