Hypertension, high blood sugar of diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes the most important type 2 diabetes patients with nephropathy prevalence of
34.7%. With the rapid economic development, people's living standards continue to improve, the incidence of diabetes is increasing year by year, diabetes
Patients with nephropathy have increased. In developed countries diabetic nephropathy has become the first cause of ESRD, but also has become following the second cause of primary glomerular diseases, diabetes caused by one of the main reasons for death, disability, so the effective prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy has become one of the major issue.
Development and staging of diabetic nephropathy
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the diabetic microangiopathy often associated with diabetic retinopathy. Egg
White urine is a sign of diabetic nephropathy progress. The sustained microalbuminuria in early diabetic nephropathy,, the prosecution
Measured urinary conventional urine protein may be negative or only trace detection of urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER)
Of 20 to 200 μg / min or of 30 ~~ 300 mg/24 h; once the development to the period of clinical diabetic nephropathy, ie, urinary protein
(+) Or more, UAER,> 200 μg / min or> 500 mg/24 h in patients with glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Was a progressive decline in, and tend to increase in blood pressure, renal pathological damage to the irreversible stage, the most
Final development of renal failure.
Diabetic nephropathy is divided into five, one, two clinical difficult to diagnose, often sustained microalbumin
Clinical can only be diagnosed when the urine of diabetic nephropathy 3. This time after a positive and effective antihypertensive, hypoglycemic therapy,
Part of the urinary albumin excretion in patients with reduced or negative, kidney disease reversal or development delay. But if we can not
Do on a regular basis to check the urine in patients with urinary albumin excretion rate, until the patients had edema, high
Blood pressure, proteinuria, renal function abnormalities before considering the possibility of diabetic nephropathy, and more have been developed to sugar
4 of diabetes nephropathy, the lesion is irreversible. Thus, clinical guidelines suggest that diabetic patients should be regularly
(1/3 ~ 6 months) monitoring of urine and the detection of urinary albumin in order to achieve early diagnosis,
Early treatment. The occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy follow the laws of the two intersecting curves, one for proteinuria
Curve from the negative, trace a large number of urinary protein gradually increased, and the other a curve for the glomerular filtration rate from
Higher than normal, normal to decreased, the two curves cross more than four diabetic nephropathy.
In addition, we should also pay attention to the identification,
Patients with diabetes and proteinuria, should not be diagnosed as diabetic nephropathy, history of diabetes less than five years, the sudden appearance of a large number of patients with proteinuria and normal renal function, not associated with diabetic retinopathy, basic can exclude diabetic nephropathy possible, to referral to superiors Hospital Nephrology Renal biopsy pathological diagnosis in order to give the correct treatment. If we blindly follow the treatment of diabetic nephropathy will be adversely affected by illness. The etiology of diabetic nephropathy is very complex, it is not very clear, but mainly the following risk factors: genetic, hypertension, high blood sugar and obesity, dyslipidemia, high uric acid. Including hypertension and high blood sugar is an important risk factor for the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy. Previous studies recognized cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is diabetes the most common complications and death in the direct cause of hypertension and high blood sugar can significantly increased the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
The relationship between hypertension and diabetic nephropathy
Hypertension to the glomerular capillary bed is passed through the systemic blood pressure, increased pressure within the ball, filtration pressure increase
High, resulting in increased glomerular sclerosis. Hypertension and diabetic nephropathy can promote each other. Hypertension can
The progressive increase in type 2 diabetic patients with normal urine albumin levels of urinary albumin and clinical diabetes
Nephropathy in patients with renal function deterioration. Antihypertensive treatment to prevent or delay a of the two is too
The occurrence and development of process. Studies have shown that the level of blood pressure control affect the prognosis of diabetes were independent risk
Factors.
Decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and blood pressure levels. According to the 2007 edition of diabetes anti
Governance guidelines, patients with proteinuria <1 g/24 h the control of blood pressure should be below 130/80 mm Hg [including the 2007
American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines and the European Society for Cardiovascular Diseases / European Society of Hypertension (ESC /
ESH) guidelines to blood pressure control below 130/80 mm Hg given as proteinuria <1 g / d in patients with buck head
Value]; marked proteinuria> 1 g/24 h in patients, blood pressure control should be below 125/75 mm Hg, based primarily on
MDRD (The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study) clinical evidence-based medical research.
The study was supported by the leadership of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), 15 kidney disease center, compared different antihypertensive goals
Value of delay in patients with chronic kidney disease, kidney damage to progress. MDRD study finds that: egg
White urine> 1 g / patients of d, mean arterial pressure (MAP) should be strictly controlled to 92 mm Hg in order to effectively delay the
Kidney damage to progress. Moreover, in the same MAP level, lower systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure is heavier than lower diastolic blood pressure
Needs. The study recommended that the control of blood pressure below 125/75 mm Hg as proteinuria> 1 g / d in patients with the
Step-down target. The proteinuria <1 g / d of CKD patients blood pressure should be controlled and to what level, the MDRD study
Study is not a conclusion.
The selection and application of antihypertensive drugs
Delay in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy, we choose antihypertensive drugs benefit more? First
The antihypertensive drugs selected for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin II receptor antagonist
(ARB) and the new listing of a renin inhibitor, has a lot of evidence in the basic and clinical research
Implementation can improve the prognosis of early diabetic nephropathy. Of ACEI and ARB class of antihypertensive drugs because it can reduce the renal
Ball filtration pressure and improve renal blood flow dynamics, inhibit the production and secretion of inflammatory factors and cytokines, suppression
System of mesangial cells, fibroblasts and macrophage activation and proliferation, to improve the permeability of the filtration membrane, reduce urinary
Protein excretion and so on to become the first choice for diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, in clinical practice, when patients with micro egg
White urine, with or without hypertension, should be given ACEI or ARB treatment. The recommended start small dose,
One dose every 1 to 2 weeks, patients able to tolerate the maximum dose is appropriate, that is not symptomatic low
Elevated blood pressure, drug-free serum creatinine, and hyperkalemia is appropriate. For trace, or a small amount of proteinuria the risk of
Usually the application of drugs, a dose of 1 to 2 times, the exclusion of other interfering factors,
A few months later the majority of patients with urinary protein standards. For patients with massive proteinuria, should first check 24
Urinary protein, and then gradually increase to a single drug dose can ACEI the ARB, based on each
Months urinary protein quantification check, and patients on drug tolerance of plus or minus dose (not yet
More and better evidence-based medicine evidence that combination therapy is better than single drug treatment). If the application of ACEI
Or ARB blood pressure can not be achieved and can be combined calcium antagonists. If accompanied by edema, can be combined diuretic
Agent.
beta blockers as first choice, but for the young, and rapid heart rate, history of ischemic heart disease
Patients can be applied. In addition, in the step-down at the same time, also need to limit sodium intake, increasing exercise, quitting smoking
Adjusting lifestyles treatment.
The relationship between hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy
High blood sugar can cause kidney a series of pathophysiological changes, including: non-enzymatic glycation end products increase, sorbitol increased production, enhanced oxidative stress, protein kinase C and transforming growth factor (TGF) beta activity increased, resulting in glomerular increased extracellular matrix, cell injury and proteinuria increased. Another long-term high blood sugar so that the glomerulus in a hyperfiltration state, resulting in glomerular hyperperfusion and ball pressure, so that the glomerular hypertrophy, basement membrane thickening, increased capillary permeability, proteinuria formation , eventually leading to glomerulosclerosis.
DCCT study conducted in 1441 patients with type 1 diabetes patients from 29 medical centers in the United States and Canada in 1993, with its strict design, large-scale observation for a long time been recognized as the most convincing studies that strict control high blood sugar can effectively delay the onset and development of diabetic nephropathy. Studies have shown that strict control of blood sugar can make of microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes incidence decreased by 39%, the incidence of clinical proteinuria decreased by 54%. The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) is so far the longest Prospective Diabetes Study, intensive therapy group intervention on selected newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes for more than 10 years, mean HbA1c was 7.0%, the conventional therapy group was 7.9%. Intensive treatment of the relative risk of any diabetes-related endpoint by 12%, mainly due to reduced risk of microvascular complications. Intensive glucose control can make the occurrence of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes by 30 percent. Analysis found that intensive treatment HbA1c decreasing by 1%, 21% lower relative risk of any diabetes-related endpoint, the risk of microvascular complications can be reduced by 37%. For blood sugar control, with HbA1c as a blood glucose target value method. According to Chinese Medical Association in August 2010 Ninth National Endocrine Conference released the "China Adult 2
Diabetes, HbA1c control goal of the expert consensus, it is recommended that the HbA 1c monitoring the condition of patients every 3 to 6 months
OK time, blood glucose control targets must be individualized, individualized. For elderly patients with diabetes,
Existing cardiovascular disease or risk, the blood glucose target should be relaxed, to avoid the occurrence of hypoglycemia and
Increased risk of death.
The choice of antidiabetic drugs sulfonylureas mouth medication, insulin is the preferred biguanide drugs in renal function is
Often can be applied to the α-glucosidase inhibitors have fewer side effects, regardless of renal function can take. To
Insulin sensitizers current debate, the United States has been under the city, it is not recommended.
Expert tips
Diabetes is a disease of serious harm to human health. Closely related to the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy, development and high blood pressure, high blood sugar. Control of blood pressure and blood sugar levels were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of diabetic nephropathy. Strict blood pressure, blood glucose control is of great significance to reduce proteinuria and protect renal function and prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, In addition, we should also pay attention to the regulation of lipid levels to statin cholesterol lowering agents, should be to control high uric acid hyperlipidemia, appropriate restrictions on the amount of protein intake, avoiding use of nephrotoxic drugs. Regular monitoring of urine, urinary protein excretion, renal function and blood sugar levels, in order to adjust the treatment plan, and strive to make the indicators achieved and delay the development of diabetic nephropathy, while reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular complications and fatal complications, improve quality of life of patients with diabetes.

Why diabetic patients are most afraid of kidney damage?

Diabetic nephropathy lesions in the glomeruli, early visible thickening of the glomerular capillary ball basement membrane, followed by narrow blood vessels, blocking blood flow through the kidneys is significantly reduced, or even a "short circuit" in the blood waste can not be fully discharged and then accumulate in the blood, up to a certain extent, is uremia.
Diabetic nephropathy have a long course of
Insulin-dependent diabetes, for example, initially to 10 years, almost no symptoms, often overlooked, "deceptive", so called occult period. In fact, if the urine microalbumin, and can often be found. Therefore, people with diabetes should regularly determination of urine protein, here needs to be emphasized is that the conventional urine protein examination is not found, the need to measure trace protein. The urine can be detected in the protein, this time more than the middle of the diabetic nephropathy, began intermittent fatigue and disease poorly controlled, and then gradually evolved into persistent proteinuria. Edema and hypertension is characteristic of diabetic nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy will eventually enter the renal failure of this period, the kidney is almost the loss of filtration and reabsorption, body waste is excreted by the kidneys, "sewage" Smirnov, uremic spread to various organizations. organs.
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by nephropathy course of short, this may be difficult to ascertain the onset time.
Diabetic nephropathy focuses on prevention, as necessary, restriction of dietary protein quality
Diabetic nephropathy, once formed, treatment is difficult, and therefore focuses on early prevention, early diagnosis and treatment. Trace protein determination of the project as a long-term routine examination, urine tested once every 1-3 months, even if the urine microalbumin negative should also be active prevention, to win a number of years of early diagnosis and treatment time.
When the development of diabetic nephropathy to renal damage is more significant under the guidance of a doctor to limit the quality of the protein in the diet. The total daily intake of 1.2 to 1.5 g per kg of standard body weight of the normal to the initial 1.0 to 1.2 grams, advanced 0.6 to 0.8 g. Many patients think that the protein is lost from the urine, would like to compensate by increasing the protein content of the diet, in fact, this method has not only failed to increase the protein content in the blood, but increased the burden on the kidneys, accelerated renal failure. This point, please bear in mind the diabetic patients. High-quality protein (animal protein) instead of the vegetable protein is a useful way, such a small but efficient initiatives can reduce the burden of renal function, and not too small so that the body protein, is a better expedient.
Hypertension to accelerate the process of renal failure
Hypertension is the most important factor to accelerate the process of renal failure, early, aggressive treatment. Have high blood pressure should strengthen management and monitoring, it is recommended that the measurement once a week. Low-salt contribute to blood pressure control, the daily intake of no more than 5 grams. Antihypertensive drugs should use the expansion of renal vascular, and help to improve renal function.
The patient end is not of renal failure, only dialysis or kidney transplantation. At this point, not only more costly, the patient will also be under tremendous suffering. Therefore, all the kidneys, the drug should avoid it, and actively prevent urinary tract infections, and properly protect your kidney function, so that the body's sewage treatment system in good working condition.

Diabetic nephropathy diet What precautions?

Diabetic nephropathy is less than for people with diabetes to avoid any complications, many patients know it's terrible, but still can not be avoided. Note that this Armed Police Beijing Corps hospital diabetes treatment experts to diabetic nephropathy in patients with kidney disease diet: the diet of diabetic nephropathy arrangements more difficult, it is necessary to ensure adequate calories and nutrients, but also limit the carbohydrates, fats and protein. So, if conditions should be under the guidance of the dietitians, according to the condition, adjust the three meals a day.
Protein intake
Long-term to take high-protein diet may increase kidney filtration state, while increasing the generation and retention of the body of toxic nitrogen metabolites, leading to further renal damage. Therefore, we propose to limit the right amount of protein in the diet to reduce kidney damage.
Myth: patients, mainly vegetarian or do not eat meat, dairy products, eggs, low-protein diet, but less vegetarian vegetable protein containing essential amino acids, can not meet the needs of the body's long-term consumption may cause the protein nutritional bad, is not conducive to the recovery of renal function.
How to limit the intake of protein
Limit the total amount of protein. General proposition, the protein in the daily diet, according to the 0.6-0.8 g / kg standard weight given to increase the proportion of high-quality protein, but also within the scope of the limited star. In patients with diabetic nephropathy 3,4 adhere to other principles of diabetes nutrition therapy at the same time, grasp the quality and quantity of the daily protein intake, and out of balance, it may be beneficial for the recovery of the kidneys. For example: height 170 cm, the standard weight of 65 kg, urine albumin 80 mg / min in early diabetic nephropathy. Total protein in the daily diet should be: 65 x 0.6-65 × 0.8 = 39 grams to 52 grams of high quality protein should be accounted for more than 25 grams.
When the development of diabetic nephropathy to end stage renal disease, protein restriction should be more stringent. The clinical part of the wheat starch diet as a major source of energy, instead of rice and flour. Staple foods such as rice and flour contains a higher amount of non-high-quality vegetable protein (50 g each containing about 4 grams), while little protein content of wheat starch in plants. However, wheat starch production is not easy, can also be used the marketing of corn flour instead. This can save a plant protein, to be supplemented with animal protein, and thus more conducive to meet the body's physiological needs.
The supply of amino acids: as much as possible the intake of essential amino acids, can also be oral alpha acid (renal Tablets) to replace part of the essential amino acids; or renal amino acid supplement.
Heat: in the low protein diet, heat supply must be adequate to maintain normal physiological needs. Daily intake of 30-35 kcal / kg body weight of the heat. You can select some high in calories and low protein content of staple foods such as potatoes, lotus root starch, vermicelli, taro, sweet potatoes, yams, pumpkin, water chestnut flour, water chestnut powder, dietary total calories of the standard range. Ensure the supply and demand balance.
Fat: end stage renal disease is often associated with lipid metabolism disorders, insist on a low fat intake. Olive oil, peanut oil contains a rich monounsaturated fatty acids, can be used as the source of energy.
Salt restriction: ESRD to a certain stage of development can often have high blood pressure, performance as a reduction of edema or urine output, limiting salt can effectively prevent the progress of complications. Accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, should not unduly limit the sodium salt, or even need to add.
Water: master patient fluid intake and balance is also very important. End stage renal disease in uremia, oliguria or anuria, when the water intake Chang very important, too much intake of water will increase the burden on the kidneys, leading to disease progression, it is generally a day into the fluid volume for the previous day's urine output plus 500 ml; However, when patients with fever, vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms, it should be more fluid. Therefore, patients need to understand the water content of the food, Expenditure and Revenues.
Potassium: the daily urine output greater than 1000 ml and normal serum potassium amount, not to restrict the intake of minutes, can generally be free to choose fresh vegetables and fruits. Kidney excretion of potassium decreased, if hyperkalemia, often on the body to cause harm or even life-threatening and should therefore be appropriate to limit high potassium foods, should be lower than the 1500-2000 mg daily. General, like fruits and vegetables (pumpkin, melon, gourd), apples, pears, pineapple, watermelon, grapes, and potassium content are relatively low, you can eat high potassium foods such as rape, spinach, leeks, tomatoes, seaweed, bananas, peaches, etc., should be limited as appropriate; but does not mean that absolutely can not eat, but should choose to eat in the total range, while avoiding the consumption of concentrated fruit juice, gravy, you should eat more; when hypokalemia high potassium food.
Calcium, phosphorus: kidney damage, the excretion of phosphorus will be reduced, resulting in hyperphosphatemia increased. Loss, affect the absorption of calcium and vitamin D3 synthesis. Reduce the concentration of calcium in the blood, prone to osteoporosis, so ideal for the treatment of dietary calcium content should be increased as much as possible to reduce the phosphorus content. Low-protein diet reduces the intake of phosphorus, in favor of treatment.
The majority of patients with diabetic nephropathy is not to eat do not worry, experts have warned that patients with diabetes, the diabetic condition was not effectively controlled can cause a variety of complications, diabetic nephropathy is only one of the above introduction. Therefore, how to treat

Summary of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (focal segmental glomeralosclerosis) lesions as focal, segmental, involving only a small part of the glomerular Lesions of the glomerular capillary plexus showed segmental sclerosis is a common cause nephrotic syndrome, one of the reasons. More common in children and young people. This type of nephritis for patients on hormone treatment is not ideal. More than to continue to develop as diffuse sclerosing glomerulonephritis.
Pathological changes
Lesions as focal, often from the deep renal cortex near the medulla part of the small number of glomerular Only a small number of early glomerular involvement, other glomerular no obvious lesions or minor lesions. Lesions of the glomerular capillary plexus part of the capillary collapse, mesangial widening, sclerosis, hyalinization. Deposition of lipid droplets and the glass-like substance often mesorectal and capillaries. Sometimes seen engulfed lipid accumulation of foam cells. Electron microscope, the hardening part of the capillary basement membrane shrinkage, uneven thickness. The meantime visible electron-dense material and lipid droplets. Epithelial cell foot processes disappear. Immunofluorescence examination showed lesions of the glomeruli of immunoglobulin and complement deposition, mainly IgM and C3.
Glomerular capillary plexus, some sclerosis, hyalinization × 350
Lesions continue to develop the involvement of the glomerulus gradually increased. Some glomerular capillary plexus all fibrosis, sclerosis, hyalinization (global sclerosis). Corresponding tubular atrophy and fibrosis. Hyperplasia of the renal interstitial fibrosis, a small amount of lymphocytes and mononuclear cell infiltration, sometimes visible and the accumulation of foam cells. Late, a large number of glomerular sclerosis can lead to the development of diffuse sclerosing glomerulonephritis and renal insufficiency.
Clinical features and outcome
About 80% of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome in general, of which about 2/3, accompanied by hematuria, and often have high blood pressure. Massive proteinuria, and more non-selective. The patient bad effects of hormone therapy, only 20% to 30% efficiency. Lesions, often continue to develop, can lead to renal insufficiency. General outcomes for children than adults.
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Hypertensive nephropathy creatinine 7.9 how treatment

Hypertensive kidney disease, kidney disease due to hypertension-induced secondary. Creatinine is a symptom of the performance of many kidney patients. Hypertensive nephropathy creatinine 7.9 how to treat it? Here I introduce you to help!
Hypertensive nephropathy refers to as primary hypertension-induced nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy age of onset is usually in the 25-45 years of age, and hypertension-induced kidney damage clinical symptoms, age 40-60 years old. Hypertensive nephropathy for several years now to do dialysis, creatinine 7.9 how to do? Earliest symptoms of nocturia increased, reflecting the tubular ischemic lesions, urine concentration function began to subside. And proteinuria, indicating that the glomerular lesions.
Hemodialysis as renal replacement therapy used in renal failure, uremia patients. Hypertensive nephropathy for several years now to do dialysis, creatinine, or 7.9 how to do? When the deterioration of renal patients progress to renal failure stage, patients in clinical practice will produce a series of symptoms of a serious threat to the patient's quality of life issues and life and health status.
At this point, clinical renal failure patients in hemodialysis renal replacement therapy, in the short time stability of the patient's physical condition, to avoid an emergency, serious concurrent symptoms. However, the work characteristics of hemodialysis, hemodialysis only as renal replacement therapy for renal failure patients, temporary removal of the in vivo accumulation of harmful substances.
Renal lesions did not get a true sense of the treatment, the toxins will continue to siltation of the patient's body, you will need ongoing hemodialysis instead of their own kidneys work. Hypertensive nephropathy for several years now to do dialysis, creatinine 7.9 how to do? Accompanied by damage to kidney tissue increasing the scope of the accumulation of toxic substances will be more and more, hemodialysis time will be constantly reduced their own kidneys to gradually shrink, the cost. Once the development of this stage, no return of kidney patients will eventually embark on dialysis, accelerating the advent of the end of life.
Through the introduction of the above experts, hypertension nephropathy creatinine 7.9 how treatment whether or not to have a certain understanding? Must not panic, and actively cooperate with medical treatment kidney disease, then soon recover.

Hypertensive nephropathy meals must pay attention to diet

Want to stabilize the disease for patients with hypertensive nephropathy, eating three meals a day in their daily lives is very important, are often exacerbate the condition because of poor eating habits, there is a lot of people do not care about their health in a busy work stable patients with hypertensive nephropathy is also not the first time to detect, so often wasted the best treatment, however you want better treatment, we first and kidney specialists look at diet is very important.
Daily life for patients with hypertension often less for obesity should be the smaller meals, very often have to eat low heat to food, so that the total calories should be controlled every 8 or 36 megajoules, there are sure to pay attention to every days of the staple food of 150-250 grams, so that this will lead to animal protein and vegetable protein is 50%.Also note that the dinner should be small and light, for patients with excessive greasy food will induce a stroke. So the cooking oil to use with vitamin E and linoleic acid in vegetable oil, do not eat sweets.
The patient must pay attention to diet, low salt, usually per person per day salt amount should be strictly controlled at 2-5 g, most of that is about one teaspoon. There is a study found that, this time in elderly hypertensive patients with plasma ferritin lower than normal, so to say that I eat peas, fungus and other iron-rich foods, this is the case not only can lower blood pressure, which can prevent anemia in the elderly .
Above here is the latest hypertensive nephropathy meals must pay attention to diet information, want more than high blood pressure daily diet for patients with certain diseases early treatment in order to maintain a good attitude is also very important.
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Hypertensive nephropathy is how to better select the diet

Hypertensive nephropathy how to better select the diet! Long-term high blood pressure causes the renal function gradually decline, will the patient's life to bring the troubled, let us introduce change under hypertensive renal disease patients on diet?
Hypertensive renal disease patients on the table to develop the "four little over three" good habit, let us to understand correctly.
1, eat sweets
Sweets with high sugar content can be converted into fat in the body, easy to promote atherosclerosis.
2, salt diet
The diet should be light and appropriate, to eat less salty. For hypertensive patients, a simple limit of salt can make blood pressure returned to normal; the right, in patients with severe hypertension, salt restriction can not only improve the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs, but also the dose of antihypertensive drugs to reduce, thus greatly reducing the antihypertensive drugs side effects and drug costs.
(3) eat less animal fat
Animals including high cholesterol, can accelerate atherosclerosis. Such as liver, kidney, brain, heart, etc. should be eating.
(4) drink less
If high blood pressure in patients with smoking and alcohol, lead to heart, brain and kidney damage due to excessive alcohol and tobacco.
Hypertensive nephropathy how to better select the diet! Hypertensive renal disease patients usually develop good habits, kidney disease symptoms to select the regular kidney hospital for treatment, I wish you a happy life.
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